Igbo Government and Social Structure :: Essays Papers

Igbo Government and Social StructureDetails of traditional Igbo government and social structure varied from focalise to place throughout the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, but its characteristic nature remained the same. The basic unit of Igbo life was the village group, and the most universal institution was the utilisation of the family head. This was usually the oldest man of the oldest surviving generation. His role primarily involved settling family disputes, and because he controlled the channel of communication with the all-important ancestors, he commanded great respect and reverence. In some areas the government of chiefs and elders was composed of a governing age grade, in others the council of elders was made up of the oldest members of particular families.Titles played a major part in this society. There was a hierarchy of ascending titles that were to be taken in order, accompanied by an ascending scale of payments. The system acted as a primary form of so cial security, in that those who acquired titles paid a particular fee, and then were entitled to share in the payments of those who later acquired titles. A series of intense rituals were to be undertaken before acquiring a title, which was considered a symbol of character as well as of success. A titled mans life was prevail by numerous religious restrictions, and it was expected that these would be strictly adhered to. A few Igbo states, such as Aboh and Onitsha, which had a tradition of origin from elsewhere, were ruled by kings, which were regarded as sacred and lived in ritual seclusion. However, the decisions taken by these kings were by no means final, they were often challenged and overruled by other titled men with whom they were requisite to consult. In general, however, kingship was an unfamiliar concept to the majority of Igbos.A political institution that was widespread but not universal was that of the age-grade. Each age-grade was responsible for specific areas of company service, and this often promoted rivalry between the groups. This was actually a valuable instrument of social control, in that in order to preserve the good name of their age-group, its members became involved in disciplining and restraining those who tended to cause trouble within the community. Secret societies were also an instrument of social control. Their members would appear at night, masked, in the guise of supernatural beings. Any offenders in the community would be denounced.

Getting Back into the Game :: Personal Narrative Essays

Getting Back into the Game   I have always been involved in sports in some way or another. I was group captain in every sport imaginable in elementary school. Junior high I continued to be involved in sports, provided it wasnt until high school started that I really got into it. I played soccer, softball and basketball at Rogers High School. I particularly loved soccer. Just compete it gave me a rush I had never felt before. Also knowing that this sport took a lot of hard work and dedication gave me a champion of satisfaction, because I knew that I put everything I had into it. Putting a lot of dedication and hard work into something may prove to be useful in the future.   When I had my baby, being involved in sports at all seemed impossible. Then one day, my friend Cory from work was telling me that her daughter wanted to play soccer. She then said that she was going to coach because no one else had volunteered in her area. The only problem was that she di dnt know the first thing about soccer. That gave me an idea. I played soccer in high school, so I thought I could help her, so I did.   My friend Cory and I went down to Spokane Youth Sports Association and volunteered to perish soccer coaches. I couldnt believe that I was actually getting to do this. I thought it was going to be great. I had not played soccer in a while, so I was nervous when I first started coaching. I never knew how hard it would be to dedicate yourself and your time to something without getting make up for it. It was especially hard when the kids were more often than not pretty hard to deal with.   I was coaching a team of nine-year-old girls. Some of those girls seemed to want to be there, and others not. That made it very difficult to get all of their attention at once. Sometimes it was so bad I felt that I was wasting my time. still I stuck it out in hopes that they would come around, after all they were only nine. As time went on the girls started to come around and started listening and enjoying the

Achilles :: Free Essay Writer

From the initial callousness and stubborn temper of Achilles in the first books of the Iliad to the eventual humanization of Achilles in his interaction with the grieving father of Hector, whom Achilles himself slew, the Iliad can be seen to chronicle the maturation of the Greek hero during the terrible battles of the Trojan War. Achilles is a hero in the epic sense, complete with flaws and bad qualities that round out the character, but with passions and convictions that any reader can relate to. Throughout the course of the Iliad, Homer creates the character of Achilles to be that assortment of hero in every sense of the word. As the novel begins, we first meet with Achilles in his interaction with the great king, Agamemnon. It may be said that Achilles shows himself to be a horribly hard-headed individual, and this is obviously true. But, in this encounter with the powerful king, Achilles also shows some of his more respectable qualities such as courage, honor, and a sense of j ustice. Achilles does non feel that it is right that he or the rest of the soldiers should be punished for the brashness of their commander. So, as the epic starts to unwind, Achilles is described as a strong-willed, though a bit hot tempered, man. It is in the following books that Achilles shows some of his not to desirable qualities, yet in these qualities the character of Achilles is ultimately developed. Homer describes the plot of Achilles to avenge his humble at the hand of Agamemnon. He has his mother, the goddess Thetis, ask Zeus to punish the Achaeans on behalf of her and Achilles. Zeus reluctantly agrees to this, and Achilles success in having the whole of his people subjected to a merciless and costly war to get his revenge on Agamemnon. As the Trojan War presses foreword, taking countless lives of both Trojan and Achaean alike, Achilles stands by and watches, unwilling to introduce in the battle even when an apology from Agamemnon and pleading from his comrades is pr esented to him. He replies in this fashion, "Love him so well, and you may lose the love I bear you. You ought to benefactor me rather in troubling those that trouble me be king as much as I am, and share like honor with myself the others shall take my exercise stay here yourself and sleep comfortably in your bed at daybreak we will consider whether to remain or go.

The Sociological and Political Subtleties of Woodstock Essay -- Explor

The Sociological and Political Subtleties of WoodstockThe Woodstock festival descended on Bethel, New York promising three days of peace and music. Event organizers anticipated 15,000 people would attend moreover were overwhelmed by the 300,000 people that flooded this rural area of New York state from August 15 -17, 1969. While these facts are well known and indisputable, the festival itself has prove to be a controversial endeavor. What began as a small business venture was soon brimming with the controversy of an entire decade. It becomes clear when examining the strikingly opposite accounts of the festival that reactions varied depending on the fundamental values and personal circumstances specific to each observer and to the underlying motives of the historian describing the event. Joel Makowers Woodstock The Oral History was oddly effective in examining Woodstock as it was experienced by the producers of the festival. The books approach is atypical in the sense that it spends considerable time addressing exactly why and how the festival came into universe of discourse instead of droning on about drug use and mud slides. The ordeal began when John Roberts and Joel Rosenman, wealthy young entrepreneurs, placed an ad in The debate Street Journal declaring, Young men with unlimited capital looking for interesting and legitimate business ideas.1 Michael Lang and Artie Kornfeld, representing only one of the thousands of replies that Roberts and Rosenman received, proposed building a save studio for musicians in Woodstock, New York.2 This original idea was obviously modified and resulted in the Woodstock festival as it is known today. The book effectively details everything from the sign catalyst to the re... ...8 August 1969, p. 25.The nitty-gritty of Historys Biggest Happening, Time, 29 August 1969, 32. Notes1 Joel Makower, Woodstock The Oral History (NY Tilden Press Inc., 1989), 24.2 Makower, 28-29.3 Makower, 1.4 Amazon.com, search for Joe l Makower. (17 February 2002).5 Alfonso A. Narvaez, Bethel Farmer Call Fair a Plot to repeal the Law, The New York Times, 20 August 1969, p. 37.6 Episcopal Archives, (17 February 2002).7 Michael T. Kaufman, Generation Gap Bridged as Monticello Residents Aid Courteous Festival Patrons, The New York Times, 18 August 1969, p. 25.8 Narvaez, 37.9 The Message of Historys Biggest Happening, Time, 29 August 1969, 32.10 Time, 32.11 Time, 33.

biology presentation for the skeleton :: essays research papers

Intro slide 1 acetate 1The skeleton of a human foetus is formed from tough further ductile cartilage that acts as a blueprint for bone construction. During ossification ( the changing of cartilage to bone) which begins before birth, the cartilage is broken down and the resulting space is filled by bone building mineral salts and protein fibres secreted by bone cells.Humans have a bony endoskeleton made up of 206 bone up, although we are born with up to 300, but many of these fuse during childhood. slide 2 The skeleton is divided into two parts the axial and the appendiculur.Axial skeleton The axial skeleton consists of the skull, backbone and costa cage which forms the upright axis of the body. It helps to protect the brain, spinal cord and organs in the chest.Appendicular skeletonThe appendicular skeleton consists of the top(prenominal) and lower limbs and the pectoral medallion (shoulder) and pelvis and girdles. The human pelvis is adapted for an upright stance. the lower limbs support the upper body and enable walking and other locomotory take to the woodsments to take place, where as the upper limbs are used for manipulation.Slide threeJust read off screenSlide four acetate 2Muscles are used to move your mug up. Most muscles are joined at both ends to bones. They are joined to bones by non elastic tendons. Bones are held in place by strong fibres called ligaments.Slide five acetate 3Joints are formed when two or more bones come together. Most pins allow bones to move. The amount of movement depends on the type of joint. The elbow joint is a hinge joint. Joints that allow movement are called synovial joints. A synovial joint s adapted to enable a joint to move easily. They contain cartilage, ligaments, bones, synovial fluid and a synovial membrane. Slide six The bones post the solid base on which the tendons and ligaments are fixed. They are very resistant to being compressed, bent and stretched.The cartilage is the smooth layer which covers the ends of the bones and which stops the bones rubbing together. It has high tensile strength, but it is not rigid. Can compressed and is able to act as a shock absorber.The ligaments are strong fibres that ask bones firmly together. they form a protective cover around the joint. Are very strong and sufficiently elastic to allow movement when the bones in the joint move, so reducing the chance of dislocating a joint.

biology presentation for the skeleton :: essays research papers

Intro slide 1 acetate 1The skeletal frame of a human foetus is formed from tough but flexible cartilage that acts as a blueprint for bone construction. During ossification ( the changing of cartilage to bone) which begins before birth, the cartilage is broken down and the resulting space is filled by bone building mineral salts and protein fibres secreted by bone cells.Humans have a bony endoskeleton made up of 206 study, although we are born with up to 300, but many of these fuse during childhood. slide 2 The skeleton is divided into twain part the axial and the appendiculur.Axial skeleton The axial skeleton consists of the skull, backbone and rib cage which forms the upright axis of the body. It helps to protect the brain, spinal cord and organs in the chest.Appendicular skeletonThe appendicular skeleton consists of the top(prenominal) and lower limbs and the pectoral (shoulder) and pelvis and girdles. The human pelvis is adapted for an upright stance. the lower limbs sup port the upper body and en able walking and other locomotory movements to take place, where as the upper limbs are used for manipulation.Slide threeJust read off strainSlide four acetate 2Muscles are used to move your bones. Most muscles are joined at both ends to bones. They are joined to bones by non elastic tendons. Bones are held in place by strong fibres called ligaments.Slide five acetate 3Joints are formed when two or more bones come together. Most joints allow bones to move. The amount of movement depends on the type of joint. The elbow joint is a flexible joint joint. Joints that allow movement are called synovial joints. A synovial joint s adapted to enable a joint to move easily. They contain cartilage, ligaments, bones, synovial fluid and a synovial membrane. Slide six The bones provide the solid base on which the tendons and ligaments are fixed. They are very resistant to world compressed, bent and stretched.The cartilage is the smooth layer which covers the ends o f the bones and which stops the bones rubbing together. It has high tensile strength, but it is not rigid. Can compressed and is able to act as a shock absorber.The ligaments are strong fibres that hold bones firmly together. they form a protective cover around the joint. argon very strong and sufficiently elastic to allow movement when the bones in the joint move, so reducing the chance of dislocating a joint.